The nutrition of the hill cow.

Introduction The hill environment is characterized by high rainfall and wind speeds and a short growing season of sparse pastures. For the purposes of this paper, land classified for statutory purposes as hill land but which is strictly improved upland or upland capable of improvement is excluded from the discussion. The objective here is to examine the effects of nutrition on performance with special reference to energy and protein requirements. Major minerals, such as phosphate and several trace elements which are commonly deficient in leached acid soils and which can have important effects on performance, are discussed at this symposium by Hemingway (1971).